{"key":"op_121_ES","page":{"url":"https://pt.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=nephrectomy/","procedure":{"id":121,"slug":"nephrectomy","name":"Nefrectomia","name_forms":{"plural":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"genitive":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"type":"surgery","grammar_number":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"parent_id":"oncology","family_attribute":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"country":{"id":34,"iso":"ES","name":"Espanha"},"currency":"USD","data_date":"2026-11-04"},"pages":{"clinics_url":"https://pt.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=nephrectomy/","cost_url":"https://pt.bookimed.com/clinics/country=spain/procedure=nephrectomy/cost/","best_url":{"status":"missing","reason":"template not live"}},"price":{"from":17900,"to":24100,"avg":{"value":18655,"method":"median","source":"clinics"},"us":{"from":38000,"to":68000},"uk":{"from":21000,"to":32000},"by_technique":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"by_city":[{"city":"Barcelona","from":17900},{"city":"Madrid","from":19400},{"city":"Alicante","from":9500}],"per_unit":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"factors":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"tiers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"comparison":[{"country_iso":"UA","from":3000,"to":7000},{"country_iso":"FR","from":11500,"to":18500},{"country_iso":"GB","from":21000,"to":32000},{"country_iso":"US","from":38000,"to":68000},{"country_iso":"IL","from":18000,"to":26000},{"country_iso":"TR","from":4800,"to":8000},{"country_iso":"MX","from":8400,"to":12000},{"country_iso":"DE","from":15000,"to":22500},{"country_iso":"CA","from":24000,"to":40000},{"country_iso":"AE","from":14500,"to":24000},{"country_iso":"TH","from":9500,"to":16500},{"country_iso":"PL","from":5500,"to":9800},{"country_iso":"KR","from":15000,"to":18000},{"country_iso":"CZ","from":7000,"to":11500},{"country_iso":"AT","from":14500,"to":21000},{"country_iso":"IT","from":18000,"to":28000},{"country_iso":"CN","from":9500,"to":15500},{"country_iso":"AU","from":20000,"to":31000},{"country_iso":"IN","from":3500,"to":5000},{"country_iso":"MY","from":8500,"to":15500},{"country_iso":"VN","from":6800,"to":12500},{"country_iso":"BR","from":8000,"to":12500},{"country_iso":"AZ","from":5500,"to":10000},{"country_iso":"RO","from":10000,"to":18900}],"base_country":"US","base_is_fallback":false},"savings":{"pct":53,"variant":">=15%"},"package":{"included":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"excluded":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"extra_charges":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"clinics":{"count":10,"items":[{"id":78,"name":"Centro Médico Teknon","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":497,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","European Foundation for Quality Management","THE IMTJ MEDICAL TRAVEL AWARD WINNER IN 2019","Patient choice in Neurology","Patient choice in Neurosurgery","Patient choice for Epilepsy treatment","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":1,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"JCI-accredited center with leading urologists performing 1,100+ nephrectomy procedures. Offers both traditional and kidney-sparing techniques using da Vinci robotic system.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":278,"name":"Quironsalud Madrid","city":"Madrid","rating":3.8,"reviews_count":6,"accreditations":["World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":2,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Performs nephrectomy with the da Vinci robot for less invasive surgery. Clinic specializes in urogenital system tumors and offers personalized treatment plans.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":279,"name":"Hospital Quiron Barcelona","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.4,"reviews_count":6,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International"],"rank":3,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":6225,"name":"Hospital Ruber Internacional","city":"Madrid","rating":5,"reviews_count":3,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":4,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":272,"name":"SJD Barcelona Children’s Hospital","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":44,"accreditations":["Bookimed Award: Best pediatric hospital","World's Best Specialized Hospitals 2022 by Newsweek"],"rank":5,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":"Over 50 years in pediatric kidney care. Offers laparoscopic and robotic nephrectomy. CSUR reference center for kidney transplantation and glomerular diseases. 16,000+ annual surgeries.","bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":310,"name":"HOSPITAL UNIVERSITARIO HM MADRID","city":"Madrid","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":17,"accreditations":["European Foundation for Quality Management","TÜV AG Сompany Research & Investing Certificate","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek"],"rank":6,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":339,"name":"Clinica Universidad de Navarra (Navarra Hospital)","city":"Pamplona","rating":4.7,"reviews_count":7,"accreditations":["Joint Commission International","European Society for Medical Oncology","World's Best Hospitals 2020 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2021 by Newsweek","World's Best Hospitals 2022 by Newsweek","World's Best Smart Hospitals 2023 by Newsweek"],"rank":7,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":422,"name":"Hospital HM Nou Delfos","city":"Barcelona","rating":4.6,"reviews_count":5,"accreditations":["European Foundation for Quality Management","Certification according to DIN EN ISO 9001 by TÜV NORD CERT"],"rank":8,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":588,"name":"IMED - Elche","city":"Alicante","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":9,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},{"id":709,"name":"IMED - Levante","city":"Alicante","rating":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"accreditations":["International Organization for Standardization"],"rank":10,"has_procedure":true,"why_ranked":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"bookimed_stats":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_published"},"procedure_description":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}}]},"doctors":{"count":10,"languages":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"cities":[{"id":98,"slug":"barcelona","name":"Barcelona","clinics_count":1,"price_from":17900,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean coastal city in Spain","access":["Barcelona Airport (BCN), 15 km southwest of city center"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona–El_Prat_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":346,"slug":"madrid","name":"Madrid","clinics_count":1,"price_from":19400,"profile":{"city_type":"Capital and largest city of Spain","access":["Madrid Barajas Airport (MAD), 13 km from Puerta del Sol"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid–Barajas_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}},{"id":441,"slug":"alicante","name":"Alicante","clinics_count":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"price_from":9500,"profile":{"city_type":"Mediterranean port city in Spain","access":["Alicante Airport (ALC), 9 km from the city"],"sources":["https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alicante%E2%80%93Elche_Airport"],"checked_at":"2026-11-03","status":"ok"}}],"offers":{"active":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"active_with_related":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"hospital_nights_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"days_in_country_median":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"top_offers":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"related_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"},"other_packages":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_offers"}},"medical":{"indications":["Kidney tumor or renal cell carcinoma unsuitable for partial nephrectomy","Non-functioning kidney from chronic obstruction, infection or reflux","Severe kidney trauma not controllable by other means","Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis or other destructive infection","Upper tract urothelial cancer"],"contraindications":["Uncorrected bleeding disorder or coagulopathy","Severe cardiopulmonary disease making general anesthesia prohibitively risky","Active uncontrolled infection","Solitary functioning kidney or poor contralateral kidney function"],"operation_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for uncomplicated unilateral nephrectomy; complex or open cases may take longer."},"anesthesia":["general"],"sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical procedure."},"stages":[{"code":"nephrectomy","label":"Surgical removal of the kidney","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage operation."},"hospital_nights":{"value":{"min":2,"max":5,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Uncomplicated simple or radical nephrectomy; laparoscopic is shorter, open is longer."},"source":"parsed_details"},"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated nephrectomy, without a formal program; open surgery takes longer than laparoscopic."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Counted from surgery; after hospital discharge and wound check. Open surgery, complications or clot risk push it later."},"back_to_work_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work; laparoscopic approach is at the shorter end, open surgery at the longer end. Heavy manual work takes longer."},"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking starts early. Heavy lifting and strenuous exercise resume gradually after surgeon clearance. Open surgery needs longer."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to full recovery of strength and incision healing. Remaining kidney function adapts over weeks to months."},"result_longevity":"Removal of the kidney is permanent. Long-term outcome depends on the underlying condition and on the function of the remaining kidney.","main_risks":["Bleeding requiring transfusion","Infection of the wound or urinary tract","Injury to bowel, spleen, pancreas, liver or major vessels","Reduced kidney function or chronic kidney disease","Hernia or wound problems at the incision","Blood clots and anesthesia-related complications","Pneumothorax or pleural injury","Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery"],"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any perioperative complication within 30-90 days; major complications about 2-5%, higher with open surgery."},"revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":4,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned reoperation or return to theatre within 30-90 days, e.g. bleeding, hernia or wound problems."},"success":{"metric":"Complete removal of diseased kidney with surgical goal achieved","value":97,"horizon":"At surgery and hospital discharge","source":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"evidence_status":"limited"},"scars":"Laparoscopic: several small scars of about 1-2 cm and one extraction incision of about 5-8 cm. Open: a flank or abdominal incision of roughly 15-25 cm.","pain":"Moderate to significant postoperative pain, usually worst in the first 2-3 days, controlled with analgesics and sometimes regional blocks. It is generally milder after laparoscopic than open surgery and fades over 1-3 weeks.","preparation":["Imaging (CT or MRI) and blood tests including kidney function","Anesthesia and cardiopulmonary fitness assessment","Medication and health condition review with the surgical team","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Bowel preparation only if instructed by the surgeon","Stopping smoking before surgery"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-5)","description":"Pain control, early walking, catheter and drain removal, and return of diet.","restrictions":["No driving","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-2)","description":"Gradual increase in walking, wound care, fatigue common.","restrictions":["No lifting over about 4-5 kg","No driving while taking opioids"]},{"phase":"Return to normal activity (weeks 2-6)","description":"Return to desk work and light activities.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Full recovery (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to full strength and activity as cleared by the surgeon.","restrictions":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}}],"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check before flying home; suture or staple removal if needed."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Review of pathology results and kidney function tests, counted from surgery."}}],"sources":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you have been able to ask the team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that you are clear how your aftercare will be coordinated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to make a quick decision before booking treatment abroad","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"No discussion of possible complications before booking treatment abroad","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"The treating team does not let you ask questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"The clinic or hospital’s facilities and standards do not satisfy you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-02-11"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctors need it to see details of your treatment","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"If, in the first few weeks after your discharge, you need to call your GP for any reason or to attend another hospital, please take this summary with you to allow the doctors to see details of your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"It lists your treatment and medicines for your home doctor","document":"note for your gp","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-donor-nephrectomy-discharge-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"You will be given painkillers to take home and a note for your GP listing your treatment and medicines.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"They provide results from examination of the removed kidney","document":"pathology results","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"It will be at least 14 to 21 days before the pathology results on your kidney are available.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"It tells home doctors the planned follow-up after nephrectomy","document":"follow-up plan","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"An outpatient appointment will be made for you four to six weeks after the operation when we will be able to inform you of the pathology results and give you a plan for follow up.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}},"parsed_details":{"procedure_type":"surgery","fields":{"anesthesia":["general"],"back_to_work_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Desk-based work; laparoscopic approach is at the shorter end, open surgery at the longer end. Heavy manual work takes longer."},"complication_rate_pct":{"min":10,"max":25,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Any perioperative complication within 30-90 days; major complications about 2-5%, higher with open surgery."},"contraindications":["Uncorrected bleeding disorder or coagulopathy","Severe cardiopulmonary disease making general anesthesia prohibitively risky","Active uncontrolled infection","Solitary functioning kidney or poor contralateral kidney function"],"days_in_clinic":{"min":2,"max":5,"unit":"nights","qualifier":"Uncomplicated simple or radical nephrectomy; laparoscopic is shorter, open is longer."},"diagnostic_duration_minutes":null,"diagnostic_preparation":null,"diagnostic_referral_needed":null,"diagnostic_result_time_hours":null,"exercise_resume_weeks":{"min":4,"max":8,"unit":"weeks","qualifier":"Walking starts early. Heavy lifting and strenuous exercise resume gradually after surgeon clearance. Open surgery needs longer."},"final_result_months":{"min":1,"max":3,"unit":"months","qualifier":"Time to full recovery of strength and incision healing. Remaining kidney function adapts over weeks to months."},"fly_home_after_days":{"min":7,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Counted from surgery; after hospital discharge and wound check. Open surgery, complications or clot risk push it later."},"follow_up_visits":[{"purpose":"wound_check","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":5,"max":10,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Wound check before flying home; suture or staple removal if needed."}},{"purpose":"result_review","requirement":"routine","after":{"min":14,"max":28,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Review of pathology results and kidney function tests, counted from surgery."}}],"indications":["Kidney tumor or renal cell carcinoma unsuitable for partial nephrectomy","Non-functioning kidney from chronic obstruction, infection or reflux","Severe kidney trauma not controllable by other means","Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis or other destructive infection","Upper tract urothelial cancer"],"main_risks":["Bleeding requiring transfusion","Infection of the wound or urinary tract","Injury to bowel, spleen, pancreas, liver or major vessels","Reduced kidney function or chronic kidney disease","Hernia or wound problems at the incision","Blood clots and anesthesia-related complications","Pneumothorax or pleural injury","Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery"],"pain":"Moderate to significant postoperative pain, usually worst in the first 2-3 days, controlled with analgesics and sometimes regional blocks. It is generally milder after laparoscopic than open surgery and fades over 1-3 weeks.","preparation":["Imaging (CT or MRI) and blood tests including kidney function","Anesthesia and cardiopulmonary fitness assessment","Medication and health condition review with the surgical team","Fasting before surgery as instructed","Bowel preparation only if instructed by the surgeon","Stopping smoking before surgery"],"recovery_timeline":[{"phase":"Hospital stay (days 0-5)","description":"Pain control, early walking, catheter and drain removal, and return of diet.","restrictions":["No driving","Avoid lifting"]},{"phase":"Early home recovery (weeks 1-2)","description":"Gradual increase in walking, wound care, fatigue common.","restrictions":["No lifting over about 4-5 kg","No driving while taking opioids"]},{"phase":"Return to normal activity (weeks 2-6)","description":"Return to desk work and light activities.","restrictions":["Avoid heavy lifting and strenuous exercise until cleared"]},{"phase":"Full recovery (weeks 6-12)","description":"Return to full strength and activity as cleared by the surgeon.","restrictions":[]}],"rehabilitation_days":{"min":14,"max":42,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Ordinary functional recovery after uncomplicated nephrectomy, without a formal program; open surgery takes longer than laparoscopic."},"result_longevity":"Removal of the kidney is permanent. Long-term outcome depends on the underlying condition and on the function of the remaining kidney.","revision_rate_pct":{"min":1,"max":4,"unit":"percent","qualifier":"Unplanned reoperation or return to theatre within 30-90 days, e.g. bleeding, hernia or wound problems."},"scars":"Laparoscopic: several small scars of about 1-2 cm and one extraction incision of about 5-8 cm. Open: a flank or abdominal incision of roughly 15-25 cm.","sessions_or_stages":{"sessions":{"min":1,"max":1,"unit":"visits","qualifier":"Single surgical procedure."},"stages":[{"code":"nephrectomy","label":"Surgical removal of the kidney","after":{"min":0,"max":0,"unit":"days","qualifier":"Performed on the day of surgery."}}],"qualifier":"One-stage operation."},"success":{"metric":"Complete removal of diseased kidney with surgical goal achieved","value":97,"unit":"percent of patients","horizon":"At surgery and hospital discharge","population":"Adults undergoing uncomplicated simple or radical nephrectomy for tumor or non-functioning kidney","evidence_status":"limited"},"techniques":[{"name":"Laparoscopic nephrectomy (including robotic-assisted)","suits_whom":"Most patients with small to moderate kidney tumors or non-functioning kidneys and no major prior abdominal surgery.","recovery":"Shorter hospital stay, less pain, return to work in about 2-4 weeks."},{"name":"Open radical or simple nephrectomy","suits_whom":"Large or locally advanced tumors, inflammatory or complex cases, or when laparoscopy is unsafe.","recovery":"Longer stay and recovery, return to work in about 4-6 weeks or more."}],"treatment_conditions":["inpatient"],"treatment_duration_hours":{"min":2,"max":4,"unit":"hours","qualifier":"Operative time for uncomplicated unilateral nephrectomy; complex or open cases may take longer."},"initial_assessment_documents":["Abdominal CT or MRI scan report","Biopsy or pathology report (if available)","Recent blood tests including creatinine and eGFR","Renal scintigraphy report (if available)","Previous abdominal surgery records"],"travel_trips":{"min":1,"max":1,"one_trip_possible":true,"qualifier":"Single-stage surgery; stay about 7-10 days including hospital nights and wound check before flying home. Later reviews can be remote."},"clinic_checks":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"C1","text":"Check the qualifications of the medical team that will treat you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you checked the qualifications of the medical team treating you?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C2","text":"Check that you have been able to ask the team questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C3","text":"Check that you are satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C4","text":"Check that you are clear how your aftercare will be coordinated","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Ensure you're clear about how your aftercare will be coordinated.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"C5","text":"Confirm the surgeon is trained and experienced in the exact procedure you are considering, not just in surgery generally","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.isaps.org/discover/patients-home/considering-your-procedure-abroad/finding-a-surgeon-abroad/","host":"isaps.org","quote":"Verify that the surgeon is trained and experienced in performing the procedure you are considering.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"red_flags":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"F1","text":"Pressure to make a quick decision before booking treatment abroad","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F2","text":"No discussion of possible complications before booking treatment abroad","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"a hard sell a lack of information pressure to make a quick decision no discussion of possible complications no mention of aftercare","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F3","text":"The treating team does not let you ask questions about your treatment","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Have you been able to ask them questions about your treatment?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"F4","text":"The clinic or hospital’s facilities and standards do not satisfy you","scope":"treatment_abroad","source":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk/using-the-nhs/healthcare-abroad/going-abroad-for-treatment/treatment-abroad-checklist/","host":"nhs.uk","quote":"Are you satisfied with the facilities and standards at the clinic or hospital where you'll be treated?","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"warning_signs":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-02-11"},"take_home":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"T1","text":"Home doctors need it to see details of your treatment","document":"discharge summary","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"If, in the first few weeks after your discharge, you need to call your GP for any reason or to attend another hospital, please take this summary with you to allow the doctors to see details of your treatment.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T2","text":"It lists your treatment and medicines for your home doctor","document":"note for your gp","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-donor-nephrectomy-discharge-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"You will be given painkillers to take home and a note for your GP listing your treatment and medicines.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T3","text":"They provide results from examination of the removed kidney","document":"pathology results","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"It will be at least 14 to 21 days before the pathology results on your kidney are available.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T4","text":"It tells home doctors the planned follow-up after nephrectomy","document":"follow-up plan","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/radical-removal-of-the-kidney-procedure-specific-information/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"An outpatient appointment will be made for you four to six weeks after the operation when we will be able to inform you of the pathology results and give you a plan for follow up.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200}},{"id":"T5","text":"Ask for written details of the procedure before you leave the hospital","document":"written procedure details","source":{"url":"https://rcseng.ac.uk/patient-care/cosmetic-surgery/after-surgery/","host":"rcseng.ac.uk","quote":"After your surgery, before you leave the hospital, ask for written information about the procedure you've had.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"T6","text":"Ask for copies of all prescriptions before you leave","document":"prescription copies","source":{"url":"https://travelhealthpro.org.uk/news/699/travelling-abroad-for-treatment","host":"travelhealthpro.org.uk","quote":"Remember to ask for copies of all your treatment records, including prescriptions, scans and x-rays before you leave.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your renal cell cancer is being treated without surgery","name":"Targeted therapy for kidney cancer","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Learn about the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent renal cell cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy, in this expert-reviewed summary.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your renal cell cancer needs treatment other than surgery","name":"Radiation therapy for kidney cancer","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Learn about the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent renal cell cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy, in this expert-reviewed summary.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":740}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"technique_details":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"laparoscopic-nephrectomy","name":"Laparoscopic nephrectomy (including robotic-assisted)","how_it_works":{"text":"The kidney is removed using a camera and instruments through small incisions","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-radical-removal-of-the-kidney/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"It requires the placement of a telescope and operating instruments into your abdominal cavity","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"2–4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-radical-removal-of-the-kidney/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"most people can return to normal activities after two to four weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}},{"id":"open-radical","name":"Open radical or simple nephrectomy","how_it_works":{"text":"The kidney is removed through one large cut in the abdomen","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21515-nephrectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"During an open nephrectomy, the surgeon uses a sharp knife (scalpel) to make a cut (incision) in your side or abdomen.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21515-nephrectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You should be able to return to your normal activities about six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1}}},"techniques":[{"id":"laparoscopic-nephrectomy","name":"Laparoscopic nephrectomy (including robotic-assisted)","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The kidney is removed using a camera and instruments through small incisions","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-radical-removal-of-the-kidney/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"It requires the placement of a telescope and operating instruments into your abdominal cavity","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":2,"max":4,"unit":"weeks","label":"2–4 weeks","source":{"url":"https://www.cuh.nhs.uk/patient-information/laparoscopic-radical-removal-of-the-kidney/","host":"cuh.nhs.uk","quote":"most people can return to normal activities after two to four weeks.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Most patients with small to moderate kidney tumors or non-functioning kidneys and no major prior abdominal surgery.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Shorter hospital stay, less pain, return to work in about 2-4 weeks."},{"id":"open-radical","name":"Open radical or simple nephrectomy","how_it_works":{"id":"H1","text":"The kidney is removed through one large cut in the abdomen","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21515-nephrectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"During an open nephrectomy, the surgeon uses a sharp knife (scalpel) to make a cut (incision) in your side or abdomen.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"recovery_daily":{"event":"back_to_daily_activities","min":6,"max":6,"unit":"weeks","label":"6 weeks","source":{"url":"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21515-nephrectomy","host":"my.clevelandclinic.org","quote":"You should be able to return to your normal activities about six weeks after surgery.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-12","http_status":200}},"suits_whom":"Large or locally advanced tumors, inflammatory or complex cases, or when laparoscopy is unsafe.","price_from":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"recovery":"Longer stay and recovery, return to work in about 4-6 weeks or more."}],"alternatives":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"A1","text":"Your renal cell cancer is being treated without surgery","name":"Targeted therapy for kidney cancer","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Learn about the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent renal cell cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy, in this expert-reviewed summary.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":null},{"id":"A2","text":"Your renal cell cancer needs treatment other than surgery","name":"Radiation therapy for kidney cancer","source":{"url":"https://www.cancer.gov/types/kidney","host":"cancer.gov","quote":"Learn about the treatment of newly diagnosed and recurrent renal cell cancer, including surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy, and targeted therapy, in this expert-reviewed summary.","tier":"tier1_medical","fetched_at":"2026-11-13","http_status":200},"operation_id":740}],"checked_at":"2026-11-13","next_check_at":"2027-11-13","version":1},"diagnostic":{"status":"not_applicable"},"country":{"why":{"status":"missing","reason":"no_official_source","checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2027-02-09"},"travel":{"status":"ok","items":[{"id":"V1","item":"passport_validity","audience":"uk","volatile":true,"text":"The passport must have an expiry date at least 3 months after you plan to leave the Schengen area","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/entry-requirements","host":"gov.uk","quote":"have an ‘expiry date’ at least 3 months after the day you plan to leave the Schengen area (the expiry date does not need to be within 10 years of the date of issue)","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V2","item":"medicines","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Carry prescription medication in its original packaging, along with your doctor's prescription","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Always carry your prescription medication in original packaging, along with your doctor’s prescription.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V3","item":"prescriptions","audience":"us","volatile":false,"text":"Medications that require a prescription in the United States also require a local doctor's prescription in Spain","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Medications requiring prescriptions in the United States also require a local doctor’s prescription in Spain.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V4","item":"ghic","audience":"uk","volatile":false,"text":"A GHIC or EHIC is needed to get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"To get medically necessary state healthcare in Spain, you need a Global Health Insurance Card ( GHIC ) or a European Health Insurance Card ( EHIC ).","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}},{"id":"V5","item":"hospital_payment","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof of insurance or funds before admitting a patient","source":{"url":"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/international-travel/International-Travel-Country-Information-Pages/Spain.html","host":"travel.state.gov","quote":"Private hospitals usually require payment or proof insurance or funds before admitting a patient.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":403}},{"id":"V6","item":"emergency_number","audience":"all","volatile":false,"text":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance","source":{"url":"https://www.gov.uk/foreign-travel-advice/spain/health","host":"gov.uk","quote":"Dial 112 and ask for an ambulance.","tier":"official_travel","fetched_at":"2026-11-11","http_status":200}}],"checked_at":"2026-11-11","next_check_at":"2026-12-11","version":1},"other_countries_with_page":["austria","azerbaijan","china","czech-republic","egypt","germany","greece","india","israel","italy","lithuania","mexico","poland","republic-of-korea","romania","switzerland","thailand","turkey","ukraine","united-states"]},"often_combined_with":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"reviews":{"avg_rating":4.69,"count":585,"scope":"clinic","rating_scale":5,"pros":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"},"cons":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"current":{"seo_text":"<p>Nephrectomy in Spain costs from _op_121_price_from_ to _op_121_price_to_ on average. The final price depends on the surgical method, clinic location, and case complexity. In the US, similar procedures cost around _price_compare_US_average_ on average. Patients save approximately _price_percent_discount_% by choosing Spanish facilities. Typical Spanish surgical packages include pre-operative diagnostics, surgical team fees, hospital stays for 3 to 7 days, and medications.</p>\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kidney-sparing surgery:</strong> _op_844_price_from_ to _op_844_price_to_ for partial removal while preserving renal function.</li>\n<li><strong>Nephrectomy with Da Vinci Robot:</strong> _op_738_price_from_ to _op_738_price_to_ for advanced robotic precision.</li>\n<li><strong>Standard laparoscopic approach:</strong> Typically costs significantly less than robotic-assisted surgery while maintaining minimally invasive benefits.</li>\n<li><strong>City variations:</strong> Medical hubs like Barcelona and Madrid often see prices 15-20% higher than regional centers.</li>\n</ul>\n\n<p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain offers world-class urological expertise at a fraction of US costs. Dr. Antonio Alcaraz at Hospital Quiron Barcelona is a global pioneer in robotic surgery. His team performed the first transvaginal nephrectomy ever recorded. Choosing JCI-accredited centers like Centro Médico Teknon or Clinica Universidad de Navarra ensures high safety standards. These facilities combine celebrity-tier care with advanced technology like Da Vinci robotic systems.</p>","faq":[{"q":"What does a typical surgical package in Spain include?","a":"<p>Surgical packages in Spain for procedures like nephrectomy typically include surgical fees, anesthesia, pre-operative diagnostics, and hospital stays in private rooms. Most centers bundle multilingual coordination and airport transfers, providing costs up to _price_percent_discount_% lower than the _price_compare_US_average_ average seen in the United States.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Surgical team:</strong> Covers fees for lead surgeons, anesthesiologists, and the entire nursing support staff.</li> <li><strong>Hospitalization:</strong> Standard private room stays; some clinics like Ruber Internacional offer luxury suites.</li> <li><strong>Diagnostics:</strong> Includes essential blood work, imaging, and pre-surgery consultations to ensure patient safety.</li> <li><strong>Robotic technology:</strong> Use of Da Vinci Xi systems is often integrated into specialized oncology packages.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain leads in surgical innovation, specifically for complex urology. Centro Médico Teknon pioneered the NOTES transvaginal nephrectomy. This technique allows for kidney removal through natural orifices. It leaves no external scars and significantly speeds up physical recovery for many patients.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Expect to be walking well within 2 weeks after surgery. Many patients appreciate that while follow-up immunotherapy is optional, it is easily coordinated with 3-week travel intervals.</p>"},{"q":"How many days should I plan to stay in Spain for a nephrectomy?","a":"<p>Patients should plan to stay in Spain for 14 to 21 days for a nephrectomy. This timeframe includes 5 to 7 days of clinical hospitalization and an additional week of local recovery to ensure safety before your flight home.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Hospital stay:</strong> Expect 5 to 7 days in-patient for monitoring vital signs and kidney function.</li> <li><strong>Doctor consultation:</strong> Arrive 2 days before surgery for pre-operative screenings and urological consultations.</li> <li><strong>Flight clearance:</strong> Surgeons recommend waiting 10 to 14 days post-op to prevent deep vein thrombosis.</li> <li><strong>Activity limits:</strong> Plan for total rest as overwhelming fatigue is common during the first 14 days.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Bookimed Expert Insight:</strong> Spain is a global leader in urological innovation, with surgeons like Dr. Antonio Alcaraz performing pioneering transvaginal and robotic nephrectomies. Choosing a center with Da Vinci Xi technology, such as Hospital Ruber Internacional, often leads to shorter hospitalizations compared to traditional open surgery.</p> <p><strong>Patient Consensus:</strong> Many patients find day 2 the most challenging due to cough-related pain and recommend bringing a companion. Arranging wheelchair assistance at the airport is essential as heavy lifting is prohibited for 6 weeks.</p>"}],"h2":[{"text":"Como funciona","kind":"content"},{"text":"Qual é o Custo de Nefrectomia em Espanha? Descubra Agora","kind":"content"},{"text":"Descubra as Melhores Clínicas de Nefrectomia em Espanha: 10 opções Verificadas e Preços","kind":"content"},{"text":"Visão geral de Nefrectomia em Espanha","kind":"content"},{"text":"Obtenha uma Avaliação Médica para Nefrectomia em Espanha: Consulte com 10 médicos Experientes Agora","kind":"content"},{"text":"Histórias em vídeo de pacientes da Bookimed","kind":"content"},{"text":"Avaliações sobre Bookimed: descubra percepções de pacientes","kind":"content"},{"text":"Compartilhar este conteúdo","kind":"content"},{"text":"FAQ sobre Nefrectomia em Espanha","kind":"content"},{"text":"Obtenha uma consulta gratuita","kind":"content"}]},"placeholders":{"price_from":"{{price_from}}","clinics_count":"{{clinics_count}}","cities_count":"{{cities_count}}","savings_pct":"{{savings_pct}}","data_date":"{{data_date}}"},"legal":{"restricted_markets":{"status":"missing","reason":"not_collected"}},"conflicts":[]}