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\n\n\tA técnica baseia-se na restauração e no fortalecimento do sistema imunológico durante a terapia contra o câncer, ativando mecanismos de defesa por meio da administração de medicamentos biológicos.\n
\n\n\n\n\t\tQuando compostos ou microrganismos estranhos (patógenos) entram em um organismo saudável, é ativado o mecanismo da chamada “resposta imunológica”. Essa reação defensiva visa destruí-los.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tA resposta imunológica consiste na produção ativa, por células especiais do organismo, de proteínas específicas — anticorpos. Os anticorpos reagem às moléculas dos “invasores” — antígenos. Por exemplo, atuam como antígenos:\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tDevido às particularidades das células cancerosas, nosso sistema imunológico nem sempre é capaz de reconhecer e destruir o tumor. Foi para isso que a imunoterapia foi criada.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tOs medicamentos imunoterapêuticos atuam de formas diversas: alguns “marcam” as células tumorais, transformando-as em alvos para o sistema imunológico; outros as matam diretamente; e outros simplesmente fortalecem a imunidade em geral.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tAtualmente, existem até medicamentos capazes de prevenir o desenvolvimento do câncer; por exemplo, a vacina contra o vírus do papiloma humano reduz significativamente o risco de câncer do colo do útero.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\t\tA vacinação de meninas com menos de 20 anos produz quase 100% de imunidade contra determinados tipos do vírus do papiloma humano (causas do desenvolvimento do câncer do colo do útero).Indicações para imunoterapia\n\t\t
\n\t\n\t\tA terapia imunológica é prescrita para todos os tipos e estágios do processo oncológico. Ela praticamente não apresenta efeitos colaterais e, além disso, é utilizada para aliviar a condição após radioterapia ou quimioterapia. A imunoterapia é indicada como parte de um complexo de terapia anticâncer (em conjunto com técnicas cirúrgicas, radiológicas e quimioterapêuticas).\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tNos estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento do câncer, a estimulação do sistema imunológico contribui para o alcance de uma remissão duradoura e até para a recuperação completa do paciente.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tNos estágios avançados — faz parte do complexo paliativo e, em alguns casos, pode se tornar a única chance de cura.\n\t
\n\n\t\tO tratamento imunoterapêutico do câncer consiste na administração ao paciente de um medicamento biológico especial, que possui elevada atividade antitumoral. Muitas vezes, esses medicamentos são produzidos individualmente para cada paciente com base nas células de seu tumor. Para a síntese de vacinas, o material celular também pode ser coletado de outros pacientes. Em um laboratório especialmente equipado, os tecidos tumorais são processados e, com base neles, é sintetizado o medicamento.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tA imunoterapia é um processo prolongado, durante o qual o estado do paciente permanece sob constante supervisão médica.\n\t
\n\n\t\tOs medicamentos relacionados à imunoterapia são divididos em 3 grupos básicos:\n\t
\n\t\n\t\t
\n\t\tEntre todos os tipos de imunoterapia contra o câncer, os anticorpos monoclonais são os mais frequentemente utilizados para tratar o processo oncológico.\n\t
\n\t\tOs anticorpos monoclonais receberam esse nome em homenagem à célula da qual se originaram (foram clonados). Os medicamentos à base de anticorpos diferem quanto ao alvo e à forma de ação. Eles são usados para combater vários tipos de câncer (por exemplo, linfomas e câncer de mama).\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tExistem 2 grupos de anticorpos monoclonais: conjugados e não conjugados.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tAnticorpos monoclonais não conjugados são os mais frequentemente utilizados. Ao entrarem no organismo do paciente, eles se ligam a uma proteína especial (antígeno) na superfície das células cancerosas e, assim, as “marcam” para o sistema imunológico.\n\t
\n\t\n\t\tAnticorpos monoclonais conjugados — proteínas combinadas com outras substâncias ativas (por exemplo, uma partícula radioativa ou um medicamento de quimioterapia). Essa combinação permite agir diretamente sobre o câncer, evitando danos a órgãos saudáveis. O risco de efeitos colaterais é reduzido ao mínimo.\n\t
\n\n\t\tOs medicamentos mais amplamente utilizados na imunoterapia contra o câncer baseiam-se nos seguintes componentes:\n\t
\n\tOs medicamentos de imunoterapia não são substâncias tóxicas. Eles foram criados para ensinar o organismo (a imunidade) do paciente a identificar células cancerosas e contribuir para sua destruição. No entanto, em alguns casos, podem ser observados efeitos colaterais raros:\n\t
\n\t\n\t\n\t\t
\n\t\tA imunoterapia na oncologia está em desenvolvimento ativo e é amplamente utilizada em clínicas no exterior, onde, ao longo da última década, foram desenvolvidos medicamentos únicos e eficazes. Em clínicas universitárias e grandes empresas farmacêuticas, são realizadas cada vez mais pesquisas científicas, com intensa busca e desenvolvimento de novos recursos.\n\t
Dia 1
Dia 2
Dia 3
Dia 4
Dia 5 a Dia 7
Semana 2
Semana 3
Semana 4
Por favor, note que o caso de cada paciente é único e o calendário acima pode mudar dependendo da condição de saúde e da resposta ao tratamento do paciente.
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