| Turquia | Áustria | Espanha | |
| Terapia de Hemorróidas | de $1,200 | de $2,500 | de $1,700 |
| Ligadura elástica de hemorróidas | de $400 | de $800 | de $750 |
| Cirurgia para Hemorragia Retal | de $1,500 | de $5,000 | de $3,500 |
General and Digestive System Surgeon. Focus on minimally invasive colorectal, proctologic, and abdominal wall surgery. Associate Head, Infanta Elena University Hospital (2021–). Associate Surgeon, Fundación Jiménez Díaz (2013–).
Accreditations: PhD in Surgery, summa cum laude (UAM). Certified in robotic surgery (Da Vinci X/Xi/5). Advanced training in laparoscopic general surgery (IRCAD, Strasbourg). Specialist in General and Digestive Surgery (Fundación Jiménez Díaz).
Achievements: Researcher (2013–). Author of a patent for an abdominal wall prosthetic implantation system (2021). Co‑author of the Rectal Obturator utility model (2021). Peer reviewer, International Journal of Surgery Case Reports (2024–). Thesis tutor (2023–). Publications in Cirugía Española, Experimental Biology and Medicine, Histology and Histopathology, and The American Journal of Surgery. Member of AEC, AECP, and ICOMEM.
O Dr. Xavier Centeno realizou mais de 900 tratamentos de hemorroidas – ele é uma referência em cirurgia colorretal no Centro Médico Teknon.
Dr. César Lévano Linares is a specialist in general and digestive surgery. He works at Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital and Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital. He is recognized for his work in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
He holds a PhD in Medicine and Surgery from the Autonomous University of Madrid. He completed a master’s in colorectal and pelvic floor surgery at the University of Zaragoza. He also holds a diploma in laparoscopic surgery from Louis Pasteur University in Strasbourg. He has European accreditation in laparoscopic surgery (EACCME).
His research covers bilateral retroperitoneal hibernoma and conversion from primary endoluminal endoscopic surgery to laparoscopic gastric bypass.
Dr. César Canales has led General and Digestive Surgery and the Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery Unit at Hospital Ruber Internacional (Madrid) since 2015. He is a General and Digestive Surgeon with over 30 years of experience. He specializes in laparoscopic and Da Vinci robotic surgery for complex abdominal, oncologic, and abdominal wall cases.
He holds a PhD (cum laude, UAM) and an MD (with honors, UCM). He completed his specialist training at Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. He is also certified by the Military Medical Corps. He has authored over 70 publications and 12 book chapters, including the Manual of Surgery (McGraw-Hill). He has served as faculty in more than 16 courses. Awards include Forbes Top 100 Doctors (2024), Top 5 General and Digestive Surgeons in Spain (2021–2024), La Razón Doctor of the Year (2024), and El Confidencial Best Doctors in Spain (2025).