Página 3 - Melhores Pneumologia pneumologistas - TOP-71 médicos

Experience

2017 - 2019 Okan University Hospital

2019 - Medipol University Pendik Hospital

Education

2016 Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Chest Diseases

2007 St. Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Medicine

Publications

1- Frequency of Immunodeficiency in Adult Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients; Specialization Thesis

2- Canan Cimşit, Melahat Bekir, Sait Karakurt, Emel Eryüksel, Ultrasonographic evaluation of diaphragm thickness in COPD – Marmara Medical Journal 2016; 29:8-13

3- Emel Eryuksel, Canan Cimsit, Melahat Bekir, Çagatay Cimsit, Sait Karakurt, Diaphragmatic Thickness Fraction in Subjects at High Risk for COPD Exacerbations Respiratory Care December 2017

4- Melahat Bekir, T. Bahadır Üskül, Pulmonary Functions in Patients With Idiopathic Scoliosis The Journal of Turkish Spinal Surgery ; April 2017

5- Emel Eryuksel, Canan Cimsit, Melahat Bekir, Cagatay Cimşit, Sait Karakurt, Is Diaphragmatic Thickness fraction valuable in Identifying High-Risk Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients, European Respiratory Journal Sep 2017

6- Melahat Bekir Külah, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Derya Kocakaya, Berrin Ceyhan, The Effect of Clinical Findings on One-Year Disease Course in Adult Bronchiectasis Patients Other Than Cystic Fibrosis, 21st Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society _ Belek, Turkey 2018

7- Melahat Bekir Külah, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli Derya Kocakaya, Emel Eryüksel, Elif Karakoç Aydıner, İsmail Öğülür, Berrin Bağcı Ceyhan, Quality of Life in Adult Bronchiectasis Patients Other Than Cystic Fibrosis: The Role of Psychological Status and Disease Severity 20th Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society – Belek Türkiye 2017

8- Berrin Ceyhan, Melahat Bekir, Şehnaz olgun Yıldızeli, Derya Kocakaya , Emel Eryüksel, Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the EMBARC (European Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) quality of life scale in patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Turkish Thoracic Society 20th Annual Congress – Belek, Turkey 2017 (POSTER AWARD WINNER)

9- Melahat Bekir, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldizeli, Derya Kocakaya, Hüseyin Arıkan, Emel Eryüksel, Berrin Bağcı Beyhan, Relationship Between Vitamin D Levels and Lung Functions, Clinical Indexes, Anxiety-Depression Symptoms in Adult Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis Patients – 19th Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society - Belek, Turkey 2016

10- Melahat Bekir, Derya Kocakaya, Şehnaz Olgun, Berrin Bağcı Ceyhan, Anticoagulant Treatment Approach in a Case of Venous Thrombosis Causing Superior Vena Cava Syndrome with Active Bleeding – 18th Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society – Belek, Turkey 2015

11- Melahat Bekir, Berrin Bağcı Ceyhan, Life-Threatening Bleeding After Anticoagulation with Rivaroxaban: Two Case Reports, 18th Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society – Belek, Turkey 2015

12- Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Çagatay Nuri Cimşit, Semiha Emel Eryüksel, Canan Cimşit, Melahat Bekir, Tuğçe Yakut, The Relationship of Pulmonary CT Angiography with Clinical Scores in Pulmonary Embolism – Turkish Thoracic Society 18th Annual Congress – Belek Turkey 2015

13- Melahat Bekir, Canan Cimşit, Hüseyin Arıkan, Derya Kocakaya, Şehnaz,Olgun, Semiha Emel Eryüksel, Sait Karakurt, Diaphragm Thickness in COPD Patients and Its Relationship with Symptoms, Turkish Thoracic Society 17th Annual Congress – Belek, Turkey 2014

14- Melahat Bekir Külah, Frequency of Immunodeficiency in Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and its Relationship with Clinical Parameters, 20th Annual Congress of the Turkish Thoracic Society – Belek Türkiye 2017

15- Berrin Ceyhan, Melahat Bekir Külah, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Derya Kocakaya, One Year Follow-Up of Respiratory Health Outcomes in Adult Patients with Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis ERS 2018

16- Melahat Bekir, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Derya Kocakaya, Emel Eryüksel, Elif Karakoç, İsmail Öğülür Berrin Bağcı Ceyhan Immun Deficiency in Patients with Non Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis and Relationship with Clinical Parameters ATS Conference 2017- Washington, DC 2017

17- Melahat Bekir Külah, Sehnaz Olgun Yildizeli, Derya Kocakaya, Emel Eryuksel, Berrin Bagci Ceyhan Health Related Quality of Life Among Adult Patients With non Cf Bronchiectasis: The Role of Psychological status and disease severity ERS International Congress 2017, Milan Italy 2017

18- Melahat Bekir, Şehnaz Olgun Yıldızeli, Derya Kocakaya, Hüseyin Arıkan, Emel Eryüksel, Berrin Bağcı Ceyhan The Relationship Between Vitamin D Level and Lung Function, Severity and Clinical Indices, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adult Patients With Non-Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis ATS Conference 2016 - San Francisco , California 2016

2012 - Present, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

MEMORIAL ATASEHIR HOSPITAL

Pediatric Chest Diseases Specialist \ Pediatric Health and Diseases Specialist

2012 - Present, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

MEMORIAL SISLI HOSPITAL

Pediatric Chest Diseases Specialist \ Pediatric Health and Diseases Specialist

1995 - Present, Istanbul/Istanbul/Türkiye

MARMARA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE

Member of the Department of Pediatric Chest Diseases

Dr. Ergun Tozkoparan is a pulmonologist with expertise in diagnosing and treating lung diseases. He has a special focus on tuberculosis. He received his medical degree from GATA Military Medical School in 1989. He completed his pulmonology training at GATA, Ankara in 1996.

Dr. Tozkoparan has worked in leading hospitals in Turkey. He also served as a professor at the GATA Department of Pulmonology. He gained further experience in interventional pulmonology during a year at the University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center.

In 2007, Dr. Tozkoparan published research in CCLM. He showed important changes in platelet indices in patients with tuberculosis. This work helped improve how the disease is monitored and managed.

Specializations

Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma and Allergic Diseases

COPD Diagnosis and Treatment

Breathing and Lung Diseases Infections

Lung cancer

bronchoscopy

Polysomnography (Sleep Apnea Test)

Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment

Eduardo Fernandez, MD

Medical Doctor & Stem Cell Expert

Dr. Eduardo Fernandez is a distinguished medical professional specializing in stem cell therapies and regenerative medicine. He is a certified member of the Mexican College of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, as well as the Mexican Council of Stem Cells for Therapeutic and Research Purposes. Dr. Fernandez’s certifications are the result of a rigorous 8-hour examination process, reserved for a select group of doctors who possess advanced knowledge and experience in these cutting-edge treatments. With only 50 certified doctors in Mexico, Dr. Fernandez’s expertise is highly sought after and respected.

In addition to his national recognition, Dr. Fernandez is awaiting international certification from the renowned International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR). Membership in this prestigious organization signifies Dr. Fernandez’s extensive experience and expertise in stem cell treatments. The ISSCR includes prominent scientists from renowned universities such as Harvard, Yale, Stanford, and other esteemed institutions worldwide. Being a part of this elite society represents the pinnacle of honor and prestige in the field of stem cell therapies.

Furthermore, Dr. Fernandez is also seeking membership and international certification from the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), the largest community of extracellular vesicle researchers globally. With only two thousand members worldwide, ISEV’s select nature underscores Dr. Fernandez’s exceptional dedication to advancing scientific knowledge in the study of exosomes and cellular messengers. By pursuing membership in ISEV, Dr. Fernandez continues to demonstrate his commitment to staying at the forefront of research and innovation in the field of regenerative medicine.

Work and teaching experience:

April 2020 – present: Head of Pulmonology Service, Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona, Spain

October 2019 – present Doctoral student at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Doctorate in Medicine)

December 2018 – present: Junior Physician, Pulmonology Department, El Pilar Hospital. Barcelona. Spain

October 2018-2019. Therapist. Emergency Service of the Teknon Medical Center. Barcelona. Spain.

March 2018 – December 2020: Data Manager of the EARCO Registry (European Collaboration on Clinical Trials Alpha-1). Coordinator of the MIDIMAR study (Characterization of the daily walking minutes variable as a useful indicator of physical activity in patients with COPD). Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Spain

January 2018 – present: Member of the research group of the Catalan Centre of Excellence in Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona. Spain.

November 2017 – February 2019: EPI-SCAN and CatCoVeR Clinical Trial Coordinator, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). Pulmonology Service. Vall d'Hebron University Hospital. Barcelona. Spain

2006-2017 Pulmonologist. Head of the Pulmonology Service of the Valentina Canabal Clinical Center. Barquisimeto-Venezuela. Coordinator-Head of the Sleep and Lung Function Laboratory.

2006-2014 Chief Physician of the Pulmonology Service of the Central University Antonio Maria Pineda. Barquisimeto-Venezuela

2006-2013 Lecturer in the Department of Pulmonology for internal medicine residents. Faculty of Medicine. Antonio Maria Pineda Central University Hospital. Barquisimeto. Venezuela.

2006-2008 Lecturer-Professor (position by competition). Section of Physiology. Division of Functional Sciences. Faculty of Medicine. Central Western University Lisandro Alvarado. Barquisimeto-Venezuela

2004-2005 Teaching Fellow in the subject: Pulmonary Functional Study for the Bachelor of Cardiopulmonary Technology. Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas. Caracas-Venezuela.

2004-2005 Chief Resident Physician of the Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery Service of the Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas.

2003-2006 Resident physician in Clinical Pulmonology at the Central University of Venezuela, University Hospital of Caracas.

2002-2003 Chief Resident in Internal Medicine. Central Western University Lisandro Alvarado. Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda

2000-2003 Resident physician of the postgraduate course in internal medicine. Internal Medicine Service Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda

1999-2002 Faculty member and active researcher in the Physiology Section. Department of Functional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Centro Cidade Lisandro Alvarado

1999-2000 Rural Doctor at Padre Oliveros Hospital. Municipality of Nirgua. State of Yaracuy, Venezuela

1994-1998 Trainer-teacher (competitive position) Physiology Section. Department of Functional Sciences. Dean of the Faculty of Medicine. Central West University Lisandro Alvarado

1993-1997 Research Intern at the Laboratory of Exercise Physiology Levels I, II and III of the Council for Scientific, Humanitarian and Technological Development (CDCHT) of the Central-West University “Lisandro Alvarado”.

Experience in the pharmaceutical industry:

Medical consultant for Pfizer Venezuela (Champix).

Medical consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim Venezuela (SPIRIVA)

Director of the center (principal investigator) of clinical trials of phase IIIB of Novartis and AstraZeneca.

Qualification

2006 Pulmonology Specialist. Central University of Venezuela. University Hospital of Caracas. Venezuela

2003 Specialist in Internal Medicine. Central-Western University "Lisandro Alvarado" Central University Hospital Antonio Maria Pineda. Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Graduated with honors

1998. Graduated from the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the Central Technological University Lisandro Alvarado, Barquisimeto-Venezuela. Graduated with honors.

Publications

1.- Analysis of blood biomarkers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD co-occurrence (ACO). Gava G, Nunez A, Esquinas S, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Pirina P, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. COPD. 2020 Jun;17(3):306-310.

2.- Practical guide for the identification and diagnosis of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). Nunez A, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Esquinas S, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. COPD. 2019 Feb;16(1):1-7.

3.- Nunez A, Sarasate M, Loeb E, Esquinas S, Miravitles M, Barrecheguren M. Practical guidelines for the identification and diagnosis of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO). COPD. 2019 Feb 21:1-7.

4.- Sexual and skeletal muscle characteristics in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sonia J. Torres, Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Abdon Mata, Noelina Hernadez. Respiratory Medicine (2011) 105, 88-94.

5.- Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in skeletal muscle of patients with COPD Sonia H. Torres, Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Priva Zabner-Oziel, Valentina Wallis, Noelina Hernandez Arca Bronconeumol. 2009;45:75-80.

6.- Peripheral Muscle Changes in Non-COPD Smokers. Maria Montes de Oca, Eduardo Loeb, Sonia J. Torres, PhD, Juan De Sanctis, Noelina Hernandez, and Carlos Talamo, MD. CHEST, January 2008, vol. 133 no. 1 13–18

Education and Expertise

• 1988- 1995 – ERCİYES UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF MEDICINE
• 2003- 2008 – INONU UNIVERSITY CHEST SURGERY

Diseases

• Bronchiectasis and Inflammatory Lung Diseases
• Diaphragmatic Diseases
• Chest Wall Diseases
• Hyperhidrosis (Sweating in Hands and Underarms)
• Hydatid Cyst
• Mediastinum and Thymus Diseases
• Diseases of the Esophagus
• Pediatric Thoracic Surgery
• Pectus Deformities (Shoemaker, Pigeon Chest)
• Pleural Effusion (Fluid Accumulation Between the Lung Membranes)
• Pneumothorax (collapsed lung)
• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Hand-Arm Numbness and Muscle Weakness)

Treatment Methods

• Bronchoscopic Procedures
• Endotracheal and Endobronchial Treatments
• Tubular Uniportal VATS
• Tube / Catheter Thoracostomy
• Uniportal Mediastinum Surgery
• All Thoracic Surgery Operations with Uniportal VATS
• Awake Uniportal VATS

Experience

• 1988-1995 – Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine
• 1995- 2003 – Ordu SSK Hospital – General Practitioner
• January 2003- November 2008 – Inonu University Faculty of Medicine – Dr. Res. Asst.
• January 2009- January 2011 – Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital – Specialist Dr.
• January 2011- October 2015 – Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Surgery – Assistant Professor
• October 2015- February 2021 – Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery – Assoc. Prof.
• February 2021- August 2023 – Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery – Prof. Dr.

Professional Memberships

• Lung Health and Intensive Care Association (Asyod)
• European Society Thoracic Surgery (Ests)
• European Respiratory Society (Ers)
• Turkish Society of Thoracic Surgery
• Turkish Thoracic Society
• Turkish Respiratory Research Society (TUSAD)

Local de trabalho:

Hospital Florence Nightingale de Istambul

Chefe do Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica

Educação:

2014-2015

Presidente da Sociedade Europeia de Cirurgiões Torácicos

2009-2017

Membro do Conselho de Administração, Sociedade Europeia de Cirurgiões Torácicos

West Virginia University, Escola de Medicina

Cadeira de Cirurgia Torácica

2019 –

Vice-Chefe de Cirurgia Torácica e Diretor do Programa de Cirurgia Traqueal, West Virginia University,

Escola de Medicina

2009-2019

Diretor do Programa de Cirurgia Torácica, Grupo de Hospitais Florence Nightingale

2009 – 2019

Professor de Cirurgia Torácica e Chefe do Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica, Faculdade de Medicina de Istambul

2001-2019

Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica, Universidade de Istambul

2001

Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica, Academia Médica Militar de Gülhane

1999

Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica e Cardiovascular, Universidade de Istambul

1997

Departamento de Cirurgia Torácica e Cardiovascular, Universidade de Istambul

1992

Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Marmara

Prêmios:

Prêmio de Melhor Apresentação de Pôster da Sociedade Europeia de Cirurgiões Torácicos

• Sociedade Torácica Turca, prêmio de melhor apresentação

• Sociedade Turca de Câncer de Pulmão, prêmio de melhor apresentação

• Sociedade Torácica Turca, prêmio de melhor apresentação

• Associação Europeia de Cirurgia Cardio-Torácica, Prêmio de Melhor Pôster

Áreas de interesse:

 Tratamento cirúrgico do câncer de pulmão em estágio localmente avançado

 Cirurgia ampliada para massas mediastinais

 Cirurgia robótica para câncer de pulmão

 Cirurgia robótica para massas mediastinais

 Cirurgia traqueal (tumores, estenose, fístula e outros)

Education

• M.Sc: Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University - 25.03.1974
• Specialty Education: Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University - 1975-1980

Experience

• Specialization in Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis: Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine - 1982-1987
• Associate Professor Doctor Istanbul University, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine - 1987-1996
• Visiting Professor at Allergy Clinic (Associate Professor): University of Paris Rothschild Hospital / France - 1990
• Professor Doctor Istanbul University, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine - 1996-2011
• Professor Doctor, Medical Director: Universal Hospitals Group - 2011-2013
• Professor Doctor, Medical Director: Kolan Hospital Sisli - 2013-2019
• Professor Doctor Memorial Sisli Hospital - 2019-2023.
•  

Medical Interests

• Lung Nodules: Diagnosis, follow-up, treatment decision
• Lung cancer
• Bronchoscopic procedures
• Asthma
• COPD
• Respiratory system infections
• Bronchiectasis
• Interstitial lung diseases
• Chronic cough
• Respiratory failure

Education and Specialization

• Akdeniz University School of Medicine
• Akdeniz University Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery

Professional Experience

• Sept. 2011 – Present: Thoracic Surgeon, Harran University School of Medicine Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
• Oct. 2004 – Oct. 2011: Thoracic Surgeon, Yunus Emre State Hospital, Eskişehir, Turkey
• Oct. 1998 – Oct. 2004: Resident, Akdeniz University Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Antalya, Turkey

Medical Fields of Interest 

• Thoracoscopic and Robotic Minimally Invasive Surgery 

• Lung Cancers 

• Trachea Surgery 

• Lung Transplantation 

• Lung Biopsy • Pneumothorax (collapsed lung) 

• Diaphragmatic Surgery • Surgery of Pleural Diseases 

• Pediatric Thoracic Surgery

Education 

• Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine 

•Istanbul Galatasaray High School 

• Primary Education Ankara, Samsun, Izmir 

Prof. Dr. Nesrin Sarıman graduated from Marmara University Faculty of Medicine (English) in 1990 and completed her specialization in “Chest Diseases and Tuberculosis” at Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital. She worked at Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine Hospital between from 2004 till 2022, obtaining the titles of associate professor and professor. Her primary areas of interest include; Obstructive Lung Diseases (Asthma-Allergy, COPD), Sleep Disorders (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome), Lung Cancer, and Smoking Cessation Treatments. She is a bronchoscopy specialist and sleep physician. She has published articles in national and international journals and has authored book chapters. She participated in a multicenter international clinical study on asthma. She has taught undergraduate and graduate courses and supervised master’s theses. She has served as a member of the Clinical Research Ethics Committee. She holds memberships in national and international associations. During the COVID-19 pandemic, she actively participated in COVID-19 services. During her years at Maltepe University Faculty of Medicine, she undertook numerous administrative and academic roles, including serving as the editor of “Maltepe Medical Journal” and as the assistant dean from 2019 till 2022. She participated in certified training programs organized under the Ministry of Health GETAT applications at Medipol University in “Functional Medicine” and “Phytotherapy” and completed training in “Hypnosis Application Training”

Prof. Dr. Dilaver Taş is a pulmonologist with over 30 years of experience. He is a Professor of Pulmonary Diseases at Başkent University Istanbul Hospital. He specializes in pulmonary medicine and tuberculosis. Dr. Taş has extensive experience treating complex respiratory conditions in both inpatient and outpatient settings.

He has served as Chief Physician at a military hospital and as a consultant in tertiary care centers. He has also worked as a faculty member in pulmonary diagnostics and interventions. His skills include advanced bronchoscopy (such as EBUS), pulmonary function testing, and the treatment of asthma, COPD, interstitial lung diseases, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.

Dr. Taş is known for his academic research and has received national awards. He is an active member of several respiratory and thoracic societies.

Dr. Omer Ayten is a chest diseases specialist. He has expertise in interventional bronchoscopy, endobronchial ultrasonography, diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. He earned his medical degree from Gülhane Military Medical Academy Faculty of Medicine. He completed his specialization in chest diseases at Gülhane Military Medical Academy Haydarpaşa Education Research Chest Diseases Clinic.

Dr. Ayten has worked as a specialist doctor at Van Military Hospital and Gülhane Military Medical Academy. He later joined Sultan Abdulhamit II Han Training and Research Hospital. In 2023, he served there as Associate Professor and Education Officer.

Dr. Kahraman Ahmet Salih Emri is a pulmonologist with over 30 years of experience. He has worked at respected institutions such as Hacettepe University, Medicana Kızıltoprak Hospital, Florence Nightingale Hospital, and Memorial Bodrum Hospital. He completed his subspecialty training in pulmonology and his specialization in internal medicine at Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine.

Dr. Emri is a member of several professional organizations, including the Turkish Medical Association, Turkish Thoracic Society, Turkish Respiratory Society, International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, International Mesothelioma Interest Group, and Turkish Lung Cancer Society. He has contributed to international research, including work at Boston University Oncology and Neurology Clinics. He has also attended many professional trainings and conferences during his career.

Dr. Mustafa Emiroglu is a general surgery specialist at Memorial Bodrum Hospital. He has significant experience from his work at Sağlık Bilimleri University Tepecik SUAM (2016–2023) and Kırşehir Hospital (1997–1999).

He earned his medical degree from Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine. He completed his specialization at Tepecik Training and Research Hospital. Dr. Emiroglu is a member of the Turkish Society of Surgery, the Endocrine Surgery Association, and the Colorectal Surgery Association.

He has attended advanced courses, including the Europe Senology Academia. He has also received training in proctologic, hemorrhoidal, and oncoplastic breast surgery, as well as thyroid diseases.