孙冠曦，医学博士，无痛胃肠镜专家。长期就职于国内顶尖三甲医院的消化内科与内镜中心。中华医学会消化内镜学分会成员。已完成数千例胃肠镜检查与治疗。擅长早期胃癌与结直肠癌的镜下精查和微创处理。操作以“稳、准、轻”著称。
与资深麻醉科团队协作。采用静脉镇静麻醉实施无痛胃肠镜。便于更全面、细致地观察黏膜。可提高微小息肉和早期病灶的检出率。
可一站式开展冷/热息肉切除、内镜下止血、狭窄扩张及黏膜下剥离术（ESD）等微创治疗。注重高质量与高效率的消化道诊疗。
O médico é neurologista no Hospital Geral de Viena (AKH), especializado no tratamento de esclerose múltipla, epilepsia, distúrbios do movimento, tremores, comprometimentos de memória e prevenção de AVC. Além dos tratamentos tradicionais, o médico realiza acupuntura para condições como neuralgia do trigêmeo, dor de cabeça e paralisia do nervo facial.<\/p>
O médico publicou mais de 60 artigos científicos em neurologia e é autor de um livro sobre esclerose múltipla, cujos lucros foram doados à Sociedade de Esclerose Múltipla de Viena.<\/p>
O médico se especializa em obstetrícia e ginecologia com foco em medicina materno-fetal e técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas. Com mais de 20 anos de experiência, o médico contribuiu para vários estudos inovadores em cuidados pré-natais e foi publicado em inúmeras revistas revisadas por pares. O médico é um obstetra-ginecologista certificado e recebeu múltiplos prêmios por excelência no atendimento ao paciente.<\/p>
O médico é especializado em cirurgia cardíaca, com ampla experiência na realização de procedimentos cardíacos complexos. Tendo se formado em uma escola médica de prestígio, o médico contribuiu significativamente para os avanços em técnicas cardíacas minimamente invasivas. O médico é certificado e publicou numerosos artigos de pesquisa em revistas médicas líderes. Com foco no cuidado centrado no paciente, o médico completou com sucesso mais de 1.000 cirurgias cardíacas, mantendo uma alta taxa de sucesso e uma baixa taxa de complicações.<\/p>
O médico é um gastroenterologista e especialista em cirurgia bariátrica líder na Europa, com experiência em várias cirurgias bariátricas. Com mais de 3.000 operações para tratamento da obesidade, o médico tem vasta experiência nesta área.<\/p>
Atualmente, o médico lidera a Clínica Ambulatorial de Obesidade no Hospital Geral de Viena e o Centro de Cirurgia Metabólica no Hospital Privado Confraternitaet.<\/p>
O médico é membro de várias organizações de prestígio, incluindo servir como Presidente do Capítulo Europeu da IFSO, e é afiliado à Associação Austríaca de Obesidade e à Sociedade Americana de Cirurgia Metabólica e Bariátrica.<\/p>
Experience
2016 - 2019 Private Gebze Konak Hospital
2014 - 2015 Private Medicana Camlica Hospital
2013 - 2014 Private Batman Hospital
2011 - 2013 Batman Regional State Hospital
Uskudar University
Gazi University Faculty of Medicine
Education
2011 Bezmialem Vakıf University Faculty of Medicine, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
2005 Marmara University, Faculty of Medicine in English
Dr. José Miguel Esteban López-Jamar is a gastroenterologist. He has led the Digestive Endoscopy and Digestive Diseases Units at Hospital Ruber Internacional since 2007. He has more than 20 years of experience. He is a Spanish pioneer in endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). His work covers diagnostic and interventional endoscopy. He uses innovative, minimally invasive techniques for complex gastrointestinal disease.
He was Head of Endoscopy (2008–2012) and Head of Endoscopic Innovation (2012–2014) at Hospital Clínico San Carlos. He completed international training at AMC Amsterdam, Institut Paoli-Calmettes in Marseille, and Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai. He holds an MD and a PhD from the Complutense University of Madrid. He is a specialist in gastroenterology. He takes part in multicenter European studies and clinical trials. He is a member of SEPD, SEED, and ESGE.
Dr. Shady Mohammed El‑sebai is an interventional radiologist and diagnostic imaging consultant. He is the Consultant and Chief of Interventional Radiology at Sheaf El Orman Oncology Hospital (2021–present). He is also Chief of the Interventional Radiology Unit at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University (2022–present). He has been a Lecturer in interventional radiology at the National Cancer Institute since 2018. Earlier posts include assistant lecturer and specialist, radiology resident, specialist at Khartoum Breast Care Centre, and specialist and consultant at Techno Scan.
Expertise includes CT‑ and US‑guided true‑cut biopsies and FNAC; transarterial chemoembolization for HCC and for liver, renal, and soft‑tissue tumors; percutaneous nephrostomy and ureteric stents; pigtail drainage; and RF or microwave ablation of hepatic, bone, lung, and thyroid lesions. He also performs PTD and biliary stents; uterine artery embolization; coiling for pelvic varicosities and varicocele; varicose vein ablation and sclerotherapy; and breast procedures (biopsy, markers, wire localization, Mammotome). He is skilled in US, CT, and MRI.
Education
2019
Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Electroneurophysiology
2005
Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Neurology
1998
Istanbul University Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine
Experience
2017 - 2019
Private Adatip Kurtkoy Hospital
2016
TND – Schering-Plough Proceedings of the Year Awards
2015 - 2017
Istanbul Yeni Yüzyıl University Private Gaziosmanpaşa Hospital
2015 - 2015
Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital
2005 - 2014
Private Avicenna Hope Hospital
2015 – 2019 Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine
2019 – Medipol University Pendik Hospital
Publications
1- Yüz Ağrılarında Trigeminal SEP Uygulaması ; Yüksek Lisans Tezi
2- Glial Tümörlerde P53 , PTEN ve EGRF Pozitifliğinin İmmunohistokimyasal ; Uzmanlık Tezi
3- Two siblings with homocystinuria presenting with dystonia and parkinsonism
4- Lack of association between IL-1ß/? gene polymorphisms and temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis
5- Psychogenic movement disorders in two children
6- Temporal Lob Epilepsi ve Hippokampal Sklerozlu Hastalarda İnterlökin 1-ß ve İnterlökin 1-? Gen Polimorfizminin Analizi
7- Hippokampal Skleroza Bağlı Mesial Temporal Lob Epilepsisi İle İnterlökin 1-ß ve İnterlökin 1-? Gen Polimorfizmi İlişkisinin Araştırılması
Position:
Associate Professor ,
General Surgery Department
ISTANBUL MEDIPOL UNIVERSITY PENDIK HOSPITAL General Surgery Department
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Birth Date: 14.05.1982
Place of Birth : Şanlıurfa, Türkiye
Married, father of one.
CITIZENSHIP:
Republic of Turkey
EDUCATION:
Specialization:
General Surgery Department
Istanbul Kartal Dr. Lütfü Kırdar Training and Research Hospital (2009- 2014)
University
Istanbul University Istanbul Faculty of Medicine (20022008)
Anadolu University Faculty of Business Administration - Administration of Health Institutions (2013-2015)
Anadolu University Faculty of Open Education Department of Law (2016-)
High school
Erzincan Science High School (1998-2002)
Working Experience:
ERZINCAN NEVZAT AYAZ SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL 1998-2002
ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY ISTANBUL FACULTY 2002-2009
GENERAL SURGERY ASSISTANT ISTANBUL KARTAL DR. LUTFI KIRDAR TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL 2009-2014
SPECIALIST PHYSICIAN MEDENIYET UNIVERSITY GOZTEPE TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL 2014-2015
CHIEF PHYSICIAN T.R. MINISTRY OF HEALTH SILOPI STATE HOSPITAL 2015-2016
SPECIALIST PHYSICIAN T.R. MINISTRY OF HEALTH DERINCE TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL, 2018-2020
SPECIALIST PHYSICIAN SANLIURFA MEHMET AKIF INAN TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL 2016-2018
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR ISTANBUL KARTAL DR. LUTFI KIRDAR CITY HOSPITAL 2020-2023
İSTANBUL MEDIPOL UNIVERSITY PENDIK HOSPITAL 2023-
PUBLICATIONS
National and International Articles
1 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA (2021). Inguinal hernia repair via laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) method: Our 2 years clinical results. Annals of Medical Research, 28(4), 812-815., Doi: 10.5455/annalsmedres.2020.05.443
2 SAĞIROĞLU ŞÜKRİYE JÜLİDE, ÖZDEMİR TUĞRUL, ATAK TUBA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ORHUN ERDOĞAN KIVILCIM, EREN TURGUT TUNÇ, ALİMOĞLU ORHAN (2016). Laparoscopic Total Extraperitoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair Without Mesh Fixation: Report of Early Outcomes. SouthernPrint Date :22/10/2022 17:41:41 Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia, 27(3), 215-219., Doi: 10.14744/scie.2017.64872
3 ÇİFTÇİ ALİ, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA (2022). Management of Acute Biliary Pancreatitis in Cholecystectomized Patients. Bezmiâlem Science, 10(4), 507-511. Doi: 10.14235/ bas galenos. 2021.6708
4 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, KOCAOĞLU AYTAÇ EMRE (2022). Gastrointestinal Stromal Tümörlerde İmmünohistokimyasal Markırların ve Tümör Boyutunun Prognoz Üzerindeki Rolü. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi, 10(2), 101-104. M-784-1650 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2022). Laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair of strangulated femoral hernia: Superiority of an unusual emergency surgical approach due to a case. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 36(1), 110-112.
5 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KARADAYI BÜYÜKÖZSOY AYŞEGÜL, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA (2022). The sensitivity of ultrasound in the clinical diagnosis of inguinal hernias in adults: a comparative study. Journal of Ultrasound, 1-4., Doi: 10.1007/s40477-021-00641-4
6 KARADAYI BÜYÜKÖZSOY AYŞEGÜL, KARATAY EMRAH, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2022). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Ultrasound Imaging and Perioperative Measurement in the Diagnosis and Characterization of Incisional Hernia. Journal of Medical Ultrasound, 1-5.
7 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, DEMİR MUSTAFA, YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, ŞENOL METİN, KOCAOĞLU AYTAÇ EMRE, AKIN EMRAH (2022). Endoscopic Intra-gastric Botulinum Toxin A for Obesity Treatment: IsIt Effective?. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi, 11(2), 149-152.
8 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KARATAY EMRAH, ÇİFTÇİ ALİ (2022). İnguinal Hernilerde Balonsuz ve Mesh Sabitleyicisiz Laparoskopik Total Ekstraperitoneal Onarımın Cerrahi Deneyim ile Korelasyonu. Dicle Medical Journal, 49(3), 498-503., Doi: 10.5798/dicletip.1170263
9 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2022). Effects of Carvedilol on Liver İschemiaReperfusion İnjury in Rats. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi-Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery, 28(7), 885-893.
10 ŞENOL METİN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2022). Small Bowel Obstruction due to Phytobezoar. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi, 11(2), 1-6.
11 KARATAY EMRAH, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, JAVADOV MIRKHALIG (2021). Measurement of hiatal surface area and other hiatus oesophageal diameters at computed tomography imaging in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and its relationship with hiatal hernia. Journal of Minimal Access Surgery, 17(4), 537-541., Doi: 10.4103/jmas.JMAS_175_20
12 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH (2021). Perforated colorectal cancers; clinical outcomes \nof 18 patients who underwent emergency surgery. Gastroenterology Review, 16(2), 161-165., Doi: 10.5114/pg.2021.106667
13 YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2020). Comparison of Perioperative Standard and Immunomodulating Enteral Nutrition in Patients Received Major Abdominal Cancer Surgery: a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Indian Journal of Surgery, 82, 828-834., Doi: 10.1007/s12262-020-02114-0
14 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH (2020). Effects of Preoperative Oral Carbohydrate Loading on Preoperative and Postoperative Comfort in Patients Planned to Undergo Elective Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 22(11), 1-6., Doi: 10.32592/ircmj.2020.22.11.107
15 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YEĞEN SERKAN FATİH (2019). Comparison of negative-pressure incision management system in wound dehiscence: A prospective, randomized, observational study. Journal of Medicine and Life, 12(3), 276-283., Doi: 10.25122/jml-2019-0033
16 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YALÇIN METİN, DADÜK YILDIRAY, SOYALP MURAT, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2018). Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis in Situs Inversus Totalis: An Extraordinary Approach. Eurasian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17(2), 82-84.
17 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, TEKER İBRAHİM, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, UĞURLU ESAT TAYLAN, ÇETİNKAYA ISMAİL (2018). Atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to abscess in a hemodialysis patient: a rare and fatal cause of acute abdomen diagnosed late. Journal of Surgical Case Reports,5, 1-3., Doi: 10.1093/jscr/rjy103
18 KAYA FERUDUN, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, KISMET KEMAL, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ERTAŞ ERTUĞRUL (2018). Congenital Transmesenteric Hernia Without Bowel Strangulation in a Young Adult. The Medical Bulletin Of Haseki, 56(4), 337-340., Doi: 10.4274/haseki.galenos.2022.8361
19 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÜNEŞ ABDULLAH (2018). Laparoscopic treatment of hepatic hydatid disease: Şanlıurfa-Turkey experience and early clinical outcomes. Laparoscopic Endoscopic Surgical Science, 25(3), 98-102., Doi:14744/less.2018.4353171203046744-1078.03 Basım Tarihi 22/10/2022 17:41:41 Sayfa: 2
20 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YALÇIN METİN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, AKTAŞ AYŞEGÜL, YÜREKLİ TACİTTİN SEMİH, ARSLAN AYŞEGÜL İSAL (2017). intraparenchymal Leiomyoma of the Breast: A Rare Location for an Infrequent Tumor. intraparenchymal Leiomyoma of the Breast: A Rare Location for an Infrequent Tumor, 13(3), 156-168., Doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2017.3472
21 GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, ÖTER VOLKAN (2017). Early-term elective laparoscopic resection after endoscopic detorsion in cases with sigmoid colonic volvulus. Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 8(6), 492-495., Doi: 10.4328/JCAM.5231
22 KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ÖTER VOLKAN (2017). Late-diagnosed penetrating stab Wounds in diaphragm and herniation. Annals of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 8(4), 367-369., Doi: 10.4328/JCAM.5103
23 ANADOLULU ALİ İHSAN, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ANADOLULU ZEYNEP (2017). Laparoscopic spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with splenic vessel preservation for pancreatic pseudocyst in a 10-year-old boy. Journal of Pediatric Surgery Case Reports, 34(1), 10-12.
Proceedings
National and International Proceedings
İnguinal Hernilerde Total Ekstraperitoneal Onarımda Balon Disseksiyonu ile Teleskopik Disseksyonun Kıyaslanması, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2022). 22.. Ulusal Cerrahi Kongresi,
İNSİZYONEL HERNİLERDE LAPAROSKOPİK VE KONVANSİYONEL ONARIM YÖNTEMLERİ ARASINDAPOSTOPERATİF AĞRI, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, JAVADOV MIRKHALIG (2021). 8.. Ulusal Fıtık Kongresi
Laparaskopık total ekstraperıitoneal (TEP) onarımında redükte edilemeyen keseler enerji
cıihazıyla lıigate edılebırlıir mı , KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, GÖK MEHMET ALİ (2019). 7..
Ulusal Fıtık Kongresi
TEK İNSİZYON LAPARASKOPİK TOTAL EKSTRAPERİTONEAL İNGUİNAL HERNİ ONARIMI DENEYİMİMİZ, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, DEMİR MUSTAFA (2019). 14.. Endoskopik Laparoskopik Cerrahi Kongresi
Laparaskopik Sleeve Gastrektomide 3D Görüntüleme Sisteminin Etkiniliği , GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAYA FERUDUN, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, AKSOY BAŞAR (2017). 2.. Bariatrik ve Metabolik Cerrahi Kongresi
İnsizyonel hernide laparaskopik preperitoneal onarım, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA (2017).. 9.. Cerrahi Araştırma Kongresi
ERCP Yapılan Kist Hidatikli Hastalarda Kist Küçülür mü, YALÇIN METİN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA (2017).. 13.. Türk Hepatopankreatobilier Cerrahi Kongresi
İnsizyonel Hernilerde TAPP Onarım Mümkün mü, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, AKSOY BAŞAR, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YALÇIN METİN (2017).. 6.. Ulusal Fıtık Kongresi, (Özet bildiri)
HİATAL HERNİLERDE LAPAROSKOPİK YAKLAŞIM, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, YALÇIN METİN, KAFADAR MEHMET TOLGA, YILMAZ TACETTİN SEMİH, AKTAŞ AYŞEGÜL (2017).. 13.. Endoskopik Laparoskopik Cerrahi Kongresi
KLİNİĞİMİZDE İNGUİNAL HERNİDE 3 TEKNİĞİN KARŞILAŞTIRLMASI, YALÇIN METİN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ÇEKİÇ TOLGA FARUK, KABALAK BİLAL, ÖTER VOLKAN, AKTAŞ AYŞEGÜL (2017). Ulusal Endoskopik Laparoskopik Cerrahi Kongresi
Kolon Divertikül Perforasyonlarında Hartmann Prosedürü veya Primer Anastomoz? , GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KEŞKÜŞ BRAHIM H. HÜDAVERDI, BÖZKURT AHMET ÇAĞLAR, YALÇIN METİN, YILMAZ TACETTİN SEMİH (2017).. 11.. Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Kongresi, (Özet bildiri)
GASTROİNTESTİNAL PREKANSEROZ LEZYONLARDA ENDOSKOPİK MUKOZAL REZEKSİYONUN ROLÜ, ORMAN SÜLEYMAN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, EREN TURGUT TUNÇ, LEBLEBİCİ METİN, ALİMOĞLU ORHAN (2015). 12.. Ulusal Endoskopik Laparoskopik Cerrahi Kongresi
PİYES MAMAOGRAFİSİNDE KİTLE YOK! NE YAPILMALIM, ESER MEHMET, HATİPOĞLU HAYAT, GÜNDOĞAN ERSİN, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, ÇETİN KENAN, ACAR AYLİN, TAN SEDAT, BİLDİK NECDET (2014).. 19.. Ulusal Cerrahi Kongresi
LAPAROSKOPİK KOLESİSTEKTOMİ YAPILAN HASTALARDA TROKAR YERİ FITIĞI GELİŞİMİNDE ETKİLİ OLABİLECEK FAKTÖRLERİN ARAŞTIRILMASI, GÖK MEHMET ALİ, KÜNDEŞ MUHAMMED FİKRİ, KEMENT METİN, ATICI ALİ EMRE, KAPTANOĞLU LEVENT, İLHAN NOYAN, CAN UĞUR, BİLDİK NEJDET, VURAL SELAHATTİN (2014).. 19.. ULUSAL CERRAHİ KONGRESİ
Books
Written sections in international books
1)Genel Cerrahide Nadir Görülen Acil ve Elektif Vakalar, Bölüm adı:(Akciğere Fistülize Karaciğer Kist Hidatik Vakasına Acil Laparoskopik Yaklaşım) (2020)., COŞKUN MURAT, GÖK MEHMET ALİ,
Akademisyen Yayınevi, Editör: Ender ANILIR Mehmet BAYRAK Mehmet Tolga KAFADAR Mert TANAL Ali Emre NAYCI Hüseyin KILAVUZ Özlem Öndeş BAYAR, Basım sayısı:1, Sayfa Sayısı 655, ISBN:978- 625-7275-23-1, Türkçe(Bilimsel Kitap)
2)Gastrointestinal Sistem Kanserlerinin Cerrahisi, Bölüm adı:(Karaciğerin Primer Solid MalignNeoplazileri) (2020)., GÖK MEHMET ALİ, Akademisyen Yayınevi, Editör: Hüseyin Özgür AYTAÇ, Basım sayısı:1, Sayfa Sayısı 404, ISBN:978-605-258-949-6, Türkçe (Bilimsel Kitap)
3)Gastrointestinal Sistem Tümörleri-1, Bölüm adı:(ERKEN EVRE HASTALIKTA CERRAHİ TEDAVİ) (2019)., GÖK MEHMET ALİ, Akademisyen Yayınevi, Basım sayısı:1, Sayfa Sayısı 493, ISBN:978-605-258-551-1, Türkçe (Bilimsel Kitap)
Editorship
1) Minimal İnvaziv Cerrahi, Kitap, Editör, Akademisyen Kitapevi A.Ş., 22.10.2020-15.07.2021
2. YENİ NESİLCERRAHİ, Kitap, Editör, Akademisyen Kitapevi A.Ş., 15.06.2021-15.08.2022
3. Onkolojik Cerrahi, Kitap, Editör, Akademisyen Kitapevi A.Ş., 05.04.2021-05.12.2021
4.. Fıtık Cerrahisi, Kitap, Editör, Akademisyen Kitapevi A.Ş., 07.04.2020-07.11.2020
Certificates
Hernia A to Z Fundemantals Hands on Workshop, Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery Experience Certificate in Cadaver was awarded by the European Hernia Society.
. DUBAİ/ U.A.E, 28.11.2018
CADAVER TRAINING EVENT IN COLON AND RECTAL SURGERY, Robotic Colorectal Surgery in Cadaver training certificate was given. STONY BROOK UNİVERSİTY / NEWYORK/ USA,.04.2016
Memberships in Scientific Organizations:
1.. Turkish Society of Colon and Rectum Surgery, Member, 2020
2.. Turkish Surgical Association, Member, 2014
Gastroenterology
Pendik Medipol University Hospital
1999 Karadeniz Technical University, Gastroenterology
1997 Atatürk University, Internal Diseases Professorship
1992 Atatürk University, Internal Diseases Associated Professorship
1985 Atatürk University, Internal Diseases Specialist
1981 Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine
1- Nihat Okçu Gülçin Polat, Arif Yılmaz, Mehmet Koruk, The demographic features of gastric cancers in Erzurum(Eurasian J Med 2000; 32: 63-65)
2- An Evaluation of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Cases. Clinical Sciences-Doctor.2000, - E.akarsu,N.Okçu,et Ark.Northeast Anatolia 6:4:435-438
3-N.Okçu, A.yılmaz. İ.kiki,MDonuk, C.gündoğdu, H.uzunismail. Our Diagnostic Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Results. Atatürk University Medical Journal 1997,29 (2):486
4-N. Okçu, M.gündoğdu, MD onuk, İ.kiki, l.cerrahoğlu, k.yılmaz, I. çapoğlu. The Role of Misoprostol in Preventing Gastroduodenal Lesions in Patients Using Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). Atatürk University Medical Journal 1997,29 (2):453-455.
5-N.Okçu, A. Öz, MD Onuk, E.Akarsu, B. Tekin, Hz Tonbul, H.Kaya. Plasma Fibronectin Levels in Chronic Active Hepatitis and Decoction of Liver Parenchymal Insufficiency and Their Relationship with Liver Functional Status. Turkish J. Gastroenterol 1995;27(4): 422-426.
6-N.Okçu, Tahir Buran, MD Onuk, A. Yılmaz, E.Akarsu, G. Akçay. Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori in Patients with Duodenal Ulcer in Erzurum and Surrounding Area. Turkish J. Gastroenterol 1995;27(4): 447-450.
7-N.Okçu, bs awake, e. akarsu, e. bakan, z. tonbul. Importance of Carbohydrate Antigens (CA-19-9, CA-125), Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) and Alkaline Phosphatase in Gastric and Colorectal Cancers. Turkish J. Gastroenterol 1995;6:467-471.
8-N. Okçu, MD Onuk, E. Akarsu, H. Doğan, C. Gündoğdu. Major Risk Factors in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Our Region. Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):154-157
9-N.Okçu, md. Onuk, e. akarsu, h. doğan, c.gündoğdu, tahir buran. Frequency of gastric carcinoma in Erzurum region, endoscopic and histological features. Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):263-267.
10-N. Okçu, MD Onuk, Tahir Buran, E. Akarsu, MA Çiftçioğlu. Frequency of Helicobacter Pylori in Nonspecific Gastritis Cases in Erzurum Province. Gastroenterology 1994;5(2):211-213.
11-N.Okçu, MD Onuk, Ö. Ünal, E. Akarsu, L. İncesu, K. Akgöz. Diagnostic Value of Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Intra-Abdominal Mass Lesions. Gastroenterology 1993;4(1):166-68.
12-NOkçu, md. onuk, m. polat, a. yılmaz, m. gündoğdu, m. paç. Budd-Chiari Syndrome (2 Cases). Turkish J Gastroenterhepatol 1993; 4(1):77-80.
13-N.Okçu, H. Koçak, MD Onuk, M. Gündoğdu, E. Bakan, A. Yılmaz, A. Başoğlu, A. Ateş, F.A. Paç. The Effect of Atrial Pressure Changes and Cardiac Nerves on Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) Levels. Vascular Surgery 1993; 27(2): 128-132
15-N.Okçu, MD Onuk, A.Yılmaz, M. Gündoğdu, T. Buran. Effects of Omeprozole and Ranitidine on Peptic Ulcer Healing. Doğa-Tr.J. of Medical Sciences 1992;16:657-658.
16-N. Okçu, Mr. Yiğitoğlu, B. Adam, E. Bakan. The Effect of Digixin on Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptic Level in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. S.Ü. Medical Faculty Journal 1991;7(2):243-247..
17-N.Okçu, A. Yılmaz. The Effect of Histamine H2 -Receptor Antagonists in Upper Gastrointestinal System Bleeding. Endoscopy Journal 1991;2(4):17-23.
18-N.Okçu, E. Bakan, B. Adam, A. Yılmaz, Mr. Yiğitoğlu. Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Levels in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis and Liver Cirrhosis (Letter to the Editor). Nature-Tr. J. Of Medical Sciences 1991;15:1-2.
19-N.Okcu Ömer Yılmaz.Helıcobacter pylori and related gastrointestinal system diseases. Turkish Clinics JMed Sci. 2013;33(3):806-13
20-Nihat Okçu, Ömer Yılmaz, Hakan Dursun, Gülçin Polat. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms, nutritional habits, endoscopic and histological findings (Eurasian J Med 2006; 38: 13-17)
21-Mehmet Bilici,1Nihat Okcu,1Kerim Cayir,1Ibrahim Pirim,2Salim B. Tekin,1andCemal Gundogdu3 - Distribution of HLA Tissue Groups in Patients with Gastric Cancer Eurasian J Med. 2010 Apr; 42(1): 9.11.
22-Nihat Okcu,Abdulhalim Bak,Mehmet Sari,Mehmet Arslan,Sait Kapicioglu:The fibroblast proliferation, relationship of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and interferon-A2A Gastroenterology April 2000Volume 118,Issue 4, Part 2, PageA1404
23-Kubra Kaynar,Sait Kapicioglu,Mehmet Sari,Nihat Okcu,Abdulhalim Baki. The effect of fish oil on stress ulcer prophylaxis GastroenterologyVolume 118, Issue 4, Part 2, PageA1255
Experience
2017 - 2020 Acıpayam State Hospital
2016 - 2017 Izmir Public Health Laboratory
2013 - 2016 Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital
2011 - 2013 Pendik State Hospital
2011 - 2011 Midyat State Hospital
2004 - 2010 Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine
Acipayam State Hospital
Izmir Public Health Laboratory
Bozyaka Training and Research Hospital
Pendik State Hospital
Midyat State Hospital
Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine
Education
2010 Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
2010 Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology
2004 Ege University, Faculty of Medicine
2004 Ege University, Faculty of Medicine
Publications
ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN INTERNATIONAL REFEREED JOURNALS
Bulent Ertugrul, Çağrı Buke, Özlem Saylak Ersoy, Bengisu Ay, Dilek Senen Demirez, Öner Savk. Intralesional epidermal growth factor for diabetic foot wounds: the first cases in Turkey. Diabetic foot and ankle.6: August 2015
Vedat Turhan, Günalp Uzun, Mustafa Hatipoglu, Mesut Mutluoglu, Erol Sevim, Hayati Demiraslan, Esma Eryılmaz, Cem Ozuguz, Ali Memis, Turk-Day Working Group (Hakan Ay, Bilgin Arda, Serhat Uysal, Vicdan Koksaldi Motor, Cigdem Kader, Ayse Erturk, Omer Coskun, Fazilet Duygu, Selma Guler F. Aybala Altay, Aziz Ogutlu, Sibel Bolukcu, Ozlem Kandemir, Halide Aslaner, Arife Polat, Mustafa Karahocagil, Kadriye Kart Yasar, Emine Sehmen, Sirri Kilic, Mustafa Sunbul, Serap Gencer, Fatma Bozkurt, Tugba Yanik, Nefise Oztoprak Cuvalci, Ayse Batirel, Hamdi Sozen, Inci Kilic, Ilhami Celik, Bengisu Ay, Selma Tosun, Ayten Kadanali, Senol Comoglu, Affan Denk, Salih Hoşoğlu, Özlem Aydın, Nazif Elaldı, Şerife Akalın, Bahar Kandemir, Ayhan Akbulut, Tuna Demirdal, Recep Balık, Emel Azak, Gönül Şengöz); Causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance in diabetic foot infections: A prospective multi-center study. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications, Volume 30, Issue 5, July 2016,910-916
Alpay Arı, Ali Ilgın Olut, Bengisu Ay, Selma Tosun, Meltem Zencir, Mehmet Umut Çayıröz. A small outbreak of Serratia liquefaciens bacteremia due to use of contaminated saline infusion solution for myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 49, 2017, 639-40
B- PAPERS PRESENTED IN INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCES AND PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS
Vedat Turhan, Günalp Uzun, Mustafa Hatipoglu, Mesut Mutluoglu, Erol Sevim, Hayati Demiraslan, Esma Eryılmaz, Cem Ozuguz, Ali Memis, Turk-Day Working Group (Hakan Ay, Bilgin Arda, Serhat Uysal, Vicdan Koksaldi Motor, Cigdem Kader, Ayse Erturk, Omer Coskun, Fazilet Duygu, Selma Guler F. Aybala Altay, Aziz Ogutlu, Sibel Bolukcu, Ozlem Kandemir, Halide Aslaner, Arife Polat, Mustafa Karahocagil, Kadriye Kart Yasar, Emine Sehmen, Sirri Kilic, Mustafa Sunbul, Serap Gencer, Fatma Bozkurt, Tugba Yanik, Nefise Oztoprak Cuvalci, Ayse Batirel, Hamdi Sozen, Inci Kilic, Ilhami Celik, Bengisu Ay, Selma Tosun, Ayten Kadanali, Senol Comoglu, Affan Denk, Salih Hoşoğlu, Özlem Aydın, Nazif Elaldı, Şerife Akalın, Bahar Kandemir, Ayhan Akbulut, Tuna Demirdal, Recep Balık, Emel Azak, Gönül Şengöz); Current Bacterial Etiology And Antimicrobial Resistance In Dfıs; A Multicenter Prospective Trial Of “Turk-Day”. Congress of Balkan Millitary Medical Committee, 8-11 June 2015, Greece
C- ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN NATIONAL REFEREED JOURNALS
VildanAvkan Oğuz, Bengisu Ay, Vasfi Karatosun, Zeynep Gülay; A Case of Total Knee Arthroplasty in which Aeromonas Hydrophila Was Isolated in Perioperative Culture: Trakya Univ Medical Faculty Journal, 2009
Şebnem Çalık, Bengisu Kara Ay, Arif Yüksel, Kamuran Çapcıoğlu, Meltem Zencir, Ümran Bingöl, Neslihan Genç, Meltem Avcı, Selma Tosun. Evaluation of the knowledge level and vaccination status of individuals in the risk group recommended for influenza vaccination. Medical Journal of İzmir Hospital 2013; 17 (4): 241-245
B Ay, S Calik, B Karaca, S Tosun. Atypical Mediterranean spotted fever: First case from Aegean Region. Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital Journal. 2016; 26(2):175-177
B Ay, E Ozdemir, N Unel, S Calik, B Karaca. Telbivudine-Related Myopathy: A Case Report. Viral Hepat J 2016; 22: 37-38
D- PAPERS PRESENTED IN NATIONAL SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AND PUBLISHED IN PROCEEDINGS
Şebnem Çalık, Bengisu Kara Ay, Arif Yüksel, Kamuran Çapcıoğlu, Meltem Zencir, Ümran Bingöl, Neslihan Genç, Meltem Avcı, Selma Tosun. Evaluation of the knowledge level and vaccination status of individuals in the risk group who are recommended to receive influenza vaccination. 5th National Vaccine Symposium, 25-29 September 2013, Ankara
''Evaluation of 4 Patients Receiving Telaprevir for Chronic Hepatitis C'' “Speech 7" Istanbul – Marriott Asia Hotel; 'Our Turkey Teleprevir Experience Symposium, 21 September 2013'
Bengisu Ay, Alpay Arı, Nalan Ünel, Erman Özdemir, Selma Tosun; Our experience with telaprevir in two centers: 12th National Viral Hepatitis Congress, 26-29 March 2014, Belek/Antalya
Bengisu Ay, Erman Özdemir, Nalan Ünel; Myopathy side effect of telbivudine treatment due to a case: 12th National Viral Hepatitis Congress, 26-29 March 2014, Belek/Antalya
Gülsüm Altın, Aslı Keleş, Bengisu Ay, Ebru Dik, Meltem Zencir, Halil Erkan, Selma Tosun. Evaluation of the differences and knowledge levels of individuals in the society about the transmission routes of Hepatitis B virus. BUHASDER 6. Tepecik Infection Days Symposium. 04-08 November 2015 Muğla.
Vedat Turhan, Günalp Uzun, Mustafa Hatipoglu, Mesut Mutluoglu, Erol Sevim, Hayati Demiraslan, Esma Eryılmaz, Cem Ozuguz, Ali Memis, Turk-Day Working Group (Hakan Ay, Bilgin Arda, Serhat Uysal, Vicdan Koksaldi Motor, Cigdem Kader, Ayse Erturk, Omer Coskun, Fazilet Duygu, Selma Guler F. Aybala Altay, Aziz Ogutlu, Sibel Bolukcu, Ozlem Kandemir, Halide Aslaner, Arife Polat, Mustafa Karahocagil, Kadriye Kart Yasar, Emine Sehmen, Sirri Kilic, Mustafa Sunbul, Serap Gencer, Fatma Bozkurt, Tugba Yanik, Nefise Oztoprak Cuvalci, Ayse Batirel, Hamdi Sozen, Inci Kilic, Ilhami Celik, Bengisu Ay, Selma Tosun, Ayten Kadanali, Senol Comoglu, Affan Denk, Salih Hoşoğlu, Özlem Aydın, Nazif Elaldı, Şerife Akalın, Bahar Kandemir, Ayhan Akbulut, Tuna Demirdal, Recep Balık, Emel Azak, Gönül Şengöz); Current Causative Microorganisms and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities in Diabetic Foot Infection; A Multicenter Study “TURK-DAY”. 5th EKMUD Scientific Platform, 01-04 April 2015, İzmir.
Pediatric Cardiology
Pendik Medipol University Hospital
2021 Private Nisa Hospital
2020 – 2021 Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine
2015 – 2021 Bezmialem Foundation University Faculty of Medicine
2010- 2015 Izmir Dr. Behçet Uz Pediatric Training and Research Hospital
2008 – 2009 Gata Pediatric Cardiology
1999 – 2003 Merzifon Aviation Medicine Center
2006 Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Pediatric Cardiology
1998 Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Child Health and Diseases
1991 Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine
Medical Interests:
• Brain, cerebellum, spine, and spinal cord tumor surgeries in adults and children
• Pediatric Neurosurgery Surgeries (Hydrocephalus, Tethered Cord, Diastematomyelia, Encephalocele, Meningocele-Meningomyelocele, Dermal Sinus Tract Excision, Craniosynostosis)
• Spine Surgery (Lumbar and Cervical Disc Herniation, Spondylolisthesis, Spinal Stenosis, Stabilization for Spinal Fractures, Vertebroplasty-Kyphoplasty Surgeries, Kyphosis Surgery)
• Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson's Disease, Essential Tremor, and Dystonia
• Vagal Nerve Stimulation Surgery (Epilepsy Surgery) • Spinal Cord Stimulation Surgery (Spinal Cord Pain Stimulator)
• Surgeries for Trigeminal Neuralgia and Hemifacial Spasm
• Baclofen Pump Implantation Surgery (for Severe Spasticity)
• Surgeries for Aneurysms, AVMs, and Cavernomas
Dr. Li Ping, M.D., Ph.D., is Chief Physician and Professor in the Department of Hematology at Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine. She supervises doctoral and master's students and is an expert in hematologic malignancies.
She earned a Doctor of Medical Science from Nagoya University and completed postdoctoral research. She specializes in diagnosing and treating blood cancers. Her focus includes lymphoid malignancies—leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma. She treats patients with chemotherapy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy.
She is a pioneer in China in full-cycle CAR-T therapy for relapsed or refractory blood cancers. She leads and participates in national and international clinical trials. She serves on committees of professional societies, including the China Anti-Cancer Association. She also publishes and trains hematologists.
A Arti Clinic possui um Certificado de Autorização para Turismo Internacional de Saúde, garantindo um atendimento de primeira linha para pacientes internacionais. A equipe multilíngue é proficiente em inglês, francês, espanhol, árabe, russo e turco.
Além do seu trabalho clínico, o Dr. Alper Sismanoğlu é também Professor Assistente e docente na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Istambul Altınbaş. Ele tem mais de 20 publicações em revistas internacionais e nacionais. O Dr. Sismanoğlu é um especialista requisitado, frequentemente presente em programas de televisão turcos e em vários meios de comunicação.
"Como pai orgulhoso de duas filhas incríveis, entendo profundamente a importância da família. Ao longo da minha carreira médica, meu foco principal tem sido ajudar casais que desejam ter filhos. Portanto, se você tiver alguma dúvida ou preocupação, não hesite em entrar em contato comigo. Ficarei mais do que feliz em ajudar!" diz o Dr. Alper.
MEMBROS
ESPECIALIZAÇÕES
Interesses e Atividades Médicas
Revascularização Arterial na Cirurgia de Ponte de Safena
Cirurgia de Grandes Artérias
Cirurgia Cardíaca Congénita
Educação e Experiência
1985 – 1991 Universidade de Istambul, Faculdade de Medicina de Çapa, (Doutor em Medicina)
1990 Kinderspital Basel, Suíça, Pediatria.
1992 – 1997 Universidade de Istambul, Instituto de Cardiologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, (Residência)
1997 – 2004 Universidade de Istambul, Instituto de Cardiologia, Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, (Cirurgião Cardiovascular)
2004 – 2006 Universidade de Selçuk, Faculdade de Medicina de Meram, Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, (Professor Assistente)
2006 – 2007 Universidade de Selçuk, Faculdade de Medicina de Meram, Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, (Professor Associado)
2007 – 2013 Hospital Florence Nightingale, Departamento de Cirurgia Cardiovascular
2015 – Liv Hospital Ulus
Associações
Sociedade Turca de Cirurgia Cardiovascular
Sociedade Turca de Cardiologia
Sociedade Europeia de Cirurgia Vascular
Sociedade Nacional de Cirurgia Vascular
Investigação e Publicações
Artigos em Revistas Internacionais: 24
Artigos em Revistas Nacionais: 25
Capítulos de Livros: 5
Diversas Comunicações em Conferências Internacionais e Nacionais: Mais de 50
Clínica Privada, Istambul, Turquia
Fundador e Especialista em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Prestação de cuidados personalizados em todas as áreas da ginecologia, obstetrícia, infertilidade e fertilização in vitro (FIV)
Áreas de foco incluem: gravidezes de alto risco, gestão de abortos espontâneos, cirurgia ginecológica, estética genital e técnicas de reprodução assistida
Realização de tratamentos centrados no paciente e procedimentos cirúrgicos menores em ambiente de prática privada.
Hospital Universitário Medipol, Istambul, Turquia
Membro do Corpo Docente e Especialista em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Instrutor em programas de estágio em ginecologia e obstetrícia para estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina
Ativo no ensino académico, treino clínico e orientação
Realizou pesquisas científicas com publicações nacionais e internacionais
Especializado no tratamento avançado de infertilidade e endocrinologia reprodutiva.
Hospital Memorial Şişli, Istambul, Turquia
Departamento de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia e FIV
Trabalhou na unidade de infertilidade e FIV
Participou em tecnologias reprodutivas avançadas e tratamentos de concepção assistida.
2009 – 2012
Hospital Maternidade de Adana, Adana, Turquia
Especialista em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (Serviço Obrigatório)
Geriu um volume elevado de partos e casos cirúrgicos
Adquiriu vasta experiência prática em casos obstétricos de rotina e de alto risco
Realizou cirurgias ginecológicas e intervenções de emergência.
2004 – 2009
Hospital de Treinamento e Pesquisa Adana Numune, Adana, Turquia
Médico Residente, Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
Completou a residência com um elevado número de casos em um dos hospitais de treinamento cirúrgico mais movimentados da Turquia
Realizou milhares de partos obstétricos e cirurgias ginecológicas
Classificou-se entre os 10 melhores no exame nacional de especialização TUS na categoria de ginecologia/obstetrícia.
Certificações e Formação
Certificação do Ministério da Saúde em Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida – Aplicações Clínicas e de Laboratório
Formação avançada em tratamento de infertilidade, estética genital, gravidezes de alto risco e procedimentos ginecológicos minimamente invasivos
Ver portfólio
Dr. Taha Sonmez is a renowned aesthetic plastic and reconstructive surgeon with over 17 years of professional experience. He specializes in a variety of procedures including hand surgery, tissue transplants, rhinoplasty, liposuction, body shaping, and head and neck surgery. Dr. Sonmez has received recognition as the Best Male Plastic Surgeon in Turkey and is affiliated with several esteemed medical associations. His range of operations includes liposuction, breast lift, rhinoplasty (nose job), tummy tuck, otoplasty (ear surgery), botox injections, stem cell rejuvenation therapy, and various types of liposuction.
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Dr. Osman Aktas has been serving as a general surgeon at Ataşehir Avicenna Hospital since 2005. Born in Kayseri in 1960, he graduated with his medical degree from Ankara University in 1983. Following his graduation, he fulfilled his military service in medical units for two years. He completed his general surgery residency at GATA from 1986 to 1990. After specializing in general surgery, He held key positions as head of general surgery departments and chief physician in several prominent military hospitals, including Tatvan, Diyarbakır, Ankara, and Manisa.
Dr. Osman has had a special focus on endoscopic surgery since 1995. He received advanced training in laparoscopic surgery techniques in Germany and has successfully performed a wide range of laparoscopic procedures. His expertise extends to gallbladder surgery, abdominal wall and inguinal hernia repairs, appendicitis, reflux and stomach surgeries, as well as complex cases such as gastrointestinal tumors, intestinal obstructions, and various other intestinal diseases, all managed through minimally invasive methods.
In 2002, Dr. Osman transitioned to the private sector, where he broadened his practice to include modern treatments for anal diseases like hemorrhoids, fistulas, and fissures, utilizing advanced techniques such as laser therapy.
Dr. Osman is also recognized for his significant contributions to oncological surgery. He has a wealth of experience in the surgical treatment of various cancers, including breast and thyroid cancer, where he has implemented new treatment methods that reduce the risk of complications. His surgical expertise spans critical cancer surgeries, such as the Whipple procedure for pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer resections, gastric cancer, and other complex malignancies. Additionally, his skills in metabolic surgery have led to lasting outcomes for patients suffering from obesity and diabetes, ensuring a better quality of life through sustained weight loss and reduced risk of diabetes.
With his vast experience and advanced skills in both laparoscopic and cancer surgeries, Dr. Osman remains at the forefront of surgical excellence, offering innovative and comprehensive care to all his patients.